Informatics Publishing Limited

S. Aruna ¹, A. Subramani ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Master of Computer Applications, Sona College of Technology, Salem, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Computer Applications, KSR College of Engineering, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Nodes in MANET operate not only as an end system, but also as a router to forward packets. These nodes moves free and organizes themselves into a network. They also change its position frequently. To accommodate the changing topology special routing algorithms are needed. In a flat topology, all nodes are of the same level with equal functionalities. Therefore, flat routing protocols are sufficient only for small networks. Scalability is hard to achieve when the network size increases. In such a case, cluster based routing strategy can be a good choice. In a cluster-based routing, all nodes in the network are dynamically organized into partitions called groups or clusters. These clusters are then combined into larger partitions to help maintain a relatively stable network topology. One of the most critical issues in these networks is load imbalance among cluster heads. Thus, sharing the load between the overloaded and idle cluster heads is necessary in ad hoc networks. Because, these cluster heads has more responsibility and deplete more energy; thus drops out of the network soon. Therefore, there is a need for load-balancing among cluster heads to allow all nodes to serve as a cluster head. We propose a load balancing heuristic to extend the life of cluster heads. The simulation results show that the proposed heuristic guarantees fairness and stability.

Keywords

Cluster, Load Balance, MANET, Scalability.

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A. Vanitha ¹, S. Aruna ¹, A. Subramani ²

Affiliations
1 Department of MCA, Sona College of Technology, Salem-636 005, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Computer Applications, KSR College of Engineering, Tiruchengode-637 215, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

An ad hoc wireless network consists of a set of mobile nodes that are connected by wireless links. The network topology in such a network may keep changing randomly. Routing protocols that find a path from a source node to a destination node used in traditional wired networks cannot be directly applied in ad hoc wireless networks due to their highly dynamic topology and absence of established infrastructure for centralized administration. A variety of routing protocols for ad hoc wireless networks has been proposed in the recent past. An efficient routing protocol can provide significant benefits to mobile ad hoc networks in terms of both performance and reliability. The most popular routing protocols are Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocol. The performance of AODV and DSDV routing protocol have been evaluated for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) in terms of the quality of service metrics: "throughput", "average end-to-end delay" and observed that the AODV is performing better than the DSDV routing protocol. A network simulator-2 (NS-2) has been used for the performance evaluation of AODV and DSDV routing protocol in this paper.

Keywords

MANETs, AODV, DSDV.

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S. Aruna ¹, Mallikarjuna Nandi ¹, G. Gokila Vani ¹

Affiliations
1 Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, IN

Abstract

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an emerging technology in the field of data identification which works automatically. The capabilities of RFID and its features are facing improvement in many applications. RFID refashion the working practices with the help of increasing efficiencies and improving profitability. It is often applied as a replacement for today’s barcodes used in the library books. Also this technology has much greater efficiencies like providing individual serial numbers for each item and the reading capability can be achieved even at a distance of several meters. They have an easy deployment facility than wired solutions and these networks will enable improved understanding of processes and environments through continual monitoring of a larger set of parameters. In this thesis, the issue and return of books are recorded by the use of RFID Tags. It has the capability of both read and writes and hence updating the data encoded in the label is possible in the tracking cycle. The members will have the RFID tags as ID card, within that a transmitter is present. In the librarian section a receiver will be placed. Also a transmitter module is placed inside the book. By this transmitter and receiver, a member can automatically put the entry for issue and return of books without the help of librarian. If the member returns the book within the due period then the member is allowed to take another book, if he needs. If the member doesn’t return the book within the due period and tries to take another book then it alerts the librarian about the member. This automates the library and reduces the burden of the librarian. Also it makes the library as a user friendly environment.

Keywords

RFID Tag, RFID Reader, Arduino.

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S. Aruna ¹, C. Subramanian ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Information Technology, Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr RR Dr SR Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr RR Dr SR Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

In large organizations, one of the most critical tasks is assessing the performance of the employees. This has to be carried out with more accuracy and equitability as it forms the basis for the organizational progress. First of all, we should clearly determine what should be actually measured. In most of the cases, the performance appraisal reports are biased due to much human intervention in the appraisal process and lack of substantiation for the work done by each individual. Moreover, at present all these activities are carried out manually as paper work. This results in the wastage of enormous manpower, time and organizational resources. Here we propose a novel approach entitled “Robotic Evidence based Performance Management” for managing employee performance in large organizations. REPM focuses on automating all the activities that are essential to evaluate the performance of employees. The objective is to reduce bias and increase objectivity in performance assessments, support of evidences is very critical. Evidence based performances aim to improve organizational effectiveness by developing and utilizing a more rigorous base of information and scientific evidence to guide decisions about program design, implementation, and management. This process helps the employees to clearly understand their Key Roles & responsibilities and the necessary activities. The Superior Officer allots work to his sub-ordinates through a work allocation message. The sub-ordinate acknowledges the message, completes the work and updates the status. Then the Superior office reviews the quality of the work and rates the employee’s performance. A record is maintained for keeping track of the employee’s day to day work progress. Based on the records and after concluding a three stratum review, the Accepting Authority rates the employee’s performance. In addition to that, he may also suggest training programmes for the employee for further improvement in specific areas. These ratings reflect the overall performance of the employee. This work is being carried out under the guidance of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.

Keywords

Performance Monitoring, Robotic Performance Management, Evidence Based Performance Appraisal.

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S. Aruna ¹, C. Subramanian ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Information Technology, VelTech MultiTech Dr RR Dr SR Engineering College, Chennai, TamilNadu, IN
2 Information Technology, VelTech MultiTech Dr RR Dr SR Engineering College, Chennai, TamilNadu, IN

Abstract

In large organizations, one of the most critical tasks is assessing the performance of the employees. This has to be carried out with more accuracy and equitability as it forms the basis for the organizational progress. First of all, we should clearly determine what should be actually measured. In most of the cases, the performance appraisal reports are biased due to much human intervention in the appraisal process and lack of substantiation for the work done by each individual. Moreover, at present all these activities are carried out manually as paper work. This results in the wastage of enormous manpower, time and organizational resources. Here we propose a novel approach entitled “Robotic Evidence based Performance Management” for managing employee performance in large organizations. REPM focuses on automating all the activities that are essential to evaluate the performance of employees. The objective is to reduce bias and increase objectivity in performance assessments, support of evidences is very critical. Evidence based performances aim to improve organizational effectiveness by developing and utilizing a more rigorous base of information and scientific evidence to guide decisions about program design, implementation, and management. This process helps the employees to clearly understand their Key Roles & responsibilities and the necessary activities. The Superior Officer allots work to his sub-ordinates through a work allocation message. The sub-ordinate acknowledges the message, completes the work and updates the status. Then the Superior office reviews the quality of the work and rates the employee’s performance. A record is maintained for keeping track of the employee’s day to day work progress. Based on the records and after concluding a three stratum review, the Accepting Authority rates the employee’s performance. In addition to that, he may also suggest training programmes for the employee for further improvement in specific areas. These ratings reflect the overall performance of the employee. This work is being carried out under the guidance of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.

Keywords

Performance Monitoring, Robotic Performance Management, Evidence Based Performance Appraisal.

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S. Aruna ¹, L. V. Nandakishore ², S. P. Rajagopalan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Applications, Dr. M.G.R University, Chennai-95, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Dr. M.G.R University, Chennai-95, IN
3 Dr. M.G.R University, Chennai-95, IN

Abstract

In this paper a classifier model is proposed to detect the different states of breast cancer. GIST-SVM is used to differentiate patients having benign and malignant cancer cells. To improve the accuracy of classification, the optimal size of the training sets are determined. To find the optimal size of the training set, different sizes of training sets are experimented and the one with highest classification rate is selected.

Keywords

Breast Cancer, Gist, Optimum Training Size, Pattern Classification, Support Vector Machines.

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V. S. Sruthimol ¹, S. Aruna ²

Affiliations
1 Amrita College Of Nursing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, IN
2 Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Background: Pain is the unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. The removal of chest tubes has been describes as one of the worst experiences in the Intensive Care Unit for the patients.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of icepack application on the level of pain after to chest tube removal among post operative patients in experimental group and to associate the post test level of pain with selected demographical variables in experimental and control group.

Methodology: Quasi experimental post test only design were adopted for the study. The study was conducted at Bharath Hospital, Kerala. Non probability convenient sampling technique was chosen to select the fifty sample who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected by using Numeric Pain Rating Scale.

Results: The findings of the study indicates that there was significant reduction in pain in experimental group after icepack application than the control group among post operative patients(at p< 0.001). There is no significant association between the demographic variables with the post test level of pain among patients in both experimental and control group.

Keywords

Ice Pack Application, Pain, Prior to Chest Tube Removal, Post Operative Patients.

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K. Srinivasa Naik , S. Aruna ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, AU College of Engineering (A), AU, Waltair Junction, CBM Compound, Visakhapatnam - 530003, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Marine radars are used to measure the bearing and distance of ships, to navigate and to fix their position at sea when within range of shore or other fixed references such as islands, buoys, and lightships. The asymmetrical sum patterns are very useful for marine radars when the ships sail in turbulent waters, the ships are subject to roll and pitch. Under these circumstances the communication is disturbed and sometimes it totally fails. In the applications, where the main beam is to point in desired direction and the sidelobes are to be suppressed to the desirable extent to reduce the ground clutter, the sum patterns with symmetric sidelobes are not suitable. The modified Elliott pattern is an excellent low-sidelobe distribution and has good efficiency. The modified Elliott pattern is itself a convenient illumination, that it can produce asymmetric patterns on both sides of the main beam. In the present work suitable amplitude and phase distributions are derived by using Fourier Transform technique to produce asymmetrical sum patterns. The weights of the each element are estimated at the source position. The source positions are found out according to Ishimuru spacing. These patterns are computed for small and large arrays. These patterns are useful in high resolution radars in point to point communication and also used in the marine radars.

Keywords

Asymmetric Sum Pattern, Ishimaru Spacing, Modified Elliott Pattern, Marine Radar Applications

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S. Aruna ¹, G. S. N. Raju ¹, P. V. Sridevi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam - 530003, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

In defence radar applications, slotted waveguides have excellent, predictable and replicable antenna parameters, when their mechanical manufacturing tolerances defined accurately and controlled. Open slot radiators in the narrow wall of rectangular waveguides are popularly used in several radar applications. Slots used are either longitudinal or inclined depending on the desired polarizations. The longitudinal slots are used for the generation of vertical polarized fields and vertical slots are used for horizontally polarized fields. Sometimes both polarizations are required in succession in defence radar applications. However when longitudinal inclined slots are coupled to a T-arm forming H-plane T-junction, they produce only vertically polarized fields. In this case it is possible to have more parameters for the design of the arrays. At the same time above two types of radiators exhibit different characteristics. In the view of this fact, intensive investigations are made, to bring out and consolidate their comparative characteristics. The admittance parameters, coupling and VSWR are numerically computed using the concept of TE, TM, hybrid and self-reaction concepts.

Keywords

H-Plane T-Junction, Hybrid and Self-Reaction, Longitudinal or Inclined Slot, Open Slot Radiators, Rectangular Waveguides, VSWR.

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V. Kalyani ¹, V. Sai Kishore ¹, U. Kartheek ¹, S. Aruna ¹, A. Navya Krishna ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur District, IN

Abstract

In the present study, natural gums (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis mucilage and Modified gum karaya) were investigated as superdisintegrants for use in immediate release tablet formulations containing olanzapine. Immediate release tablets of olanzapine were formulated using different concentrations (2, 3, 4, 5) of natural superdisintegrant viz; Hibiscus rosa - sinensis mucilage and modified gum karaya. Prepared tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, friability, uniformity of weight, disintegration time, wetting time and dissolution study. The formulated tablets had good appearance and better drug release properties. Modified gum karaya showed shorter disintegration time and showed 100% release is selected as optimized formulation. Immediate release tablet formulations containing modified gum karaya showed better dissolution efficiency property than the most widely used synthetic superdisintegrants. The dissolution rate followed first-order kinetics as the graphs drawn between log % drug unreleased vs time were found to be linear. The dissolution rate of Olanzapine was found to be effected by the concentration of the superdisintegrant used in the preparation of tablets. The formulation (F4) prepared with 5%w/w of modified gum karaya was offered relatively rapid release of Olanzapine when compared with other concentrations employed in this investigation. The difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2) were calculated for marketed formulation and for formulations prepared with modified gum karaya. The difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2) were found to be 12 and 68 respectively. Similarity factor (f2) is more than 50 and difference factor (f1) is less than 15, hence dissolution profiles are found to be similar.

Keywords

Olanzapine, Modified Gum Karaya, Hibiscus Rosa-Sinesis, Crospovidone.

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A. Navya Krishna ¹, Y. Deepthi ¹, S. Aruna ¹, T. E. G. K. Murthy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), A.P.-522101, IN

Abstract

The present work is to formulate and evaluate liquisolid compacts of Atorvastatin calcium. Atorvastatin calcium is an anti hyperlipedmic drug belongs to class of statins. The bioavailability is 14% due to dissolution rate limitation and its biological half life is 14 hours. The solubility of Atorvastatin was enhanced by liquid solid compact technology. So the aim of this work is to increase the solubility and in-vitro dissolution of practically insoluble drug Atorvastatin, liquisolid tablet consists of lactose (flowlac), cab-o-sill and PG as liquid vehicle. The prepared formulations were evaluated for drug content, weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration, dissolution. The better drug release was observed from the F8 formulation (1:5) containing (flowlac) Atorvastatin 20 mg, carrier 505.65 mg, coating material 10mg, and super disintegrating and lubricants 11.64, 23.45 were added. The selected formulation was evaluated for stability studies.

Keywords

Atorvastatin Calcium, Liquisolid Compacts, Carrier, Coating Material, In-Vitro Dissolution, Bioavailability.

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